Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) 香港電台

Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) (traditional Chinese: 香港電台; Cantonese Yale: hēung góng dihn tòih) is a public broadcasting organisation in Hong Kong that is operated as an independent department in the government under the Broadcasting Authority. RTHK operates seven radio channels, and produces television programmes that are then broadcast through local television stations in Hong Kong. While it is government funded, it is noted as a 'strident government critic'. RTHK produce and broadcast educational, entertainment and public affairs programmes. There has been debate whether or not to transform RTHK into a public corporation.

History

RTHK Broadcasting Building

The Hong Kong Government launched their first radio broadcasting in June 1928. They named it under the call-sign “GOW”. Several name changes occurred over the next few years, until in 1948, when it was given the name 'Radio Hong Kong' (RHK) (香港廣播電台).

In 1949, broadcasting operations were taken over by the Government Information Services (GIS), but by 1954, RHK managed to establish itself as a separate department, becoming independent of GIS.

Up until 1966, RHK was on-air only for three periods during the day: morning, lunchtime, and evening. This was partly due to many presenters being part-time freelancers who had to fit their radio appearances in with their normal daily working schedule.

In 1969 the station's medium wave AM transmitting station was moved from a waterfront site in Hung Hom to the summit of Golden Hill in the New Territories. Although the new transmitters were much more powerful, the mountain-top site proved unsuitable for medium wave transmissions and reception in some areas has remained problematic ever since.

In March 1969, RHK moved to new purpose-built studios located at Broadcasting House (廣播大廈) in Kowloon Tong.

A Public Affairs Television Unit was established in 1970 to produce TV programmes that the independent commercial stations were – and still are – required to broadcast under the terms of their licences. RTHK has no television broadcast transmitters of its own.

RTHK was finally permitted to set up its own radio newsroom in 1973. Until then, all news was prepared by GIS staff. Until 1969 headlines were sent to the studios every half hour by teleprinter from the GIS headquarters in Central District, while the three daily full bulletins were delivered by hand by a messenger who carried them across Central District. This arrangement became impractical following the move to the new studios in 1969, so initially a GIS newsroom was set up in Broadcasting House. This arrangement also proved unsatisfactory and RHK's own journalists, who until then had been confined to producing magazine programmes, took over the entire news operation.

In 1976, the station's name was changed to 'Radio Television Hong Kong' (RTHK) to reflect its new involvement in television programme production. In the same year, RTHK started to produce educational television programmes for schools after absorbing the previously independent Educational Television Unit. In 1986, RTHK TV headquarters moved across the road to the former Commercial Television studios, which were renamed Television House. The station's first News and Financial News channel, Radio 7, was established in November 1989. In 1994 the radio and television programmes were put online on the RTHK website.

Radio channels

RTHK operates seven radio channels:

Channel name	Modulation	Frequency	Primary language(s)	Features
RTHK Radio 1	FM	(MHz) 92.6 (Mt. Gough), 94.4 (Kowloon Peak), 93.2 (Cloudy Hill), 93.4 (Castle Peak), 93.6 (Lamma Island), 92.9 (Golden Hill), 93.5 (Beacon Hill)	Cantonese	News, information, phone-in programmes, and general programmes
RTHK Radio 2	FM	(MHz) 94.8 (Mt. Gough), 96.9 (Kowloon Peak), 95.3 (Cloudy Hill), 96.4 (Castle Peak), 96.0 (Lamma Island), 95.6 (Golden Hill), 96.3 (Beacon Hill)	Cantonese	Programmes aimed at youth, entertainment and popular music (Cantopop)
RTHK Radio 3	AM
FM	(kHz) 567 (Golden Hill), 1584 (Chung Hum Kok) kHz
(MHz) 97.9 (Mt. Nicholson), 106.8 (Chung Hum Kok), 107.8 (Tseung Kwan O), 107.8 (Tin Shui Wai)	English	News, popular music, information, romance, comedy, reality, sports and education programmes. Similar in genre to BBC Radio 4
RTHK Radio 4	FM	(MHz) 97.6 (Mt. Gough), 98.9 (Kowloon Peak), 97.8 (Cloudy Hill), 98.7 (Castle Peak), 98.2 (Lamma Island), 98.4 (Golden Hill), 98.1 (Beacon Hill)	English (mainly) / Cantonese (some)	Classical music and fine arts
RTHK Radio 5	AM
FM	kHz 783 (Golden Hill)
(MHz) 92.3 (Tin Shui Wai), 99.4 (Tseung Kwan O), 106.8 (Castle Peak)	Cantonese (primary) / Mandarin (secondary)	Programmes aimed at the elderly, cultural and education
RTHK Radio 6	AM	kHz 675 (Peng Chau)	English	24-hour relay of BBC World Service programmes
RTHK Putonghua	AM
FM	kHz 621 (Golden Hill)
(MHz) 100.9 (Jardine's Lookout), 103.3 Tseung Kwan O, 103.3 (Tin Shui Wai)	Mandarin (mainly) / Cantonese (some)	General programmes, news and finance

Special radio programmes

* RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards
* Public affairs radio programmes

Television programmes

RTHK produces public affairs television programmes which are broadcasted by Hong Kong's three commercial television channels, TVB, ATV and Cable TV. These programmes include Hong Kong Connection (鏗鏘集), A Week in Politics (議事論事), Media Watch (傳媒春秋) and Police Report (警訊).

RTHK also produces TV dramas, including the classic Below the Lion Rock (獅子山下). However, RTHK does not operate its own television channel.

ETV

RTHK and the Hong Kong Education Bureau jointly produce Educational Television (ETV, 教育電視), a series of educational programs for primary and secondary students - airing during non-peak hours on RTHK stations. ETV was first broadcasted in 1971 for Primary 3 students and was extended to Primary 6 students in 1974. In 1978, it had been extended to cover junior secondary (Form 1-Form 3) students. RTHK formally broadcasted these programs on their stations during non-peak daytime hours, but now distributes them online instead.

While school programs covering the topics of English, Chinese, Mathematics and Putonghua are provided to both primary and secondary students, Science and Humanities programs are only provided for secondary school students and General Studies programs are only designed for primary students.

There has been confusion between ETV and the ETV division of RTHK. Besides school ETV programs, the ETV division of RTHK produces many public education TV programs for general viewers, such as the Road Back (鐵窗邊緣), Anti-Drug Special (毒海浮生), Sex Education (性本善), Doctor and You (醫生與你).

Web site

The RTHK website, named as RTHK on Internet, was launched in December 1994. The website is presented in English, Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese. All seven of RTHK's radio channels and TV productions are broadcast live over the Internet. 12 months of online programmes and news archives are also available (except the HKCEE and HKALE broadcasts in RTHK2 due to copyright issues with the HKEAA). Online news is available for free via e-mail 3 times per day, as well as providing PDA and podcast-downloadable versions. Original web contents include: e-Learning channel, Culture Web, Chinese Culture Channel and Classics Channel.

RTHK service hotline

The RTHK Service Hotline (香港電台服務熱線) provides information via telephone at +852 22720000. The free hotline provides various services such as live relay of all RTHK channels and Legislative Council meetings, the recordings of news summaries and news bulletins etc.

Public concern over the independence of RTHK

Unlike some of the very well established and respected public broadcasters such as the BBC and NHK, which are primarily funded via a license fee system, RTHK is funded directly by an annual government allocation, and operates as a department of the government (similar to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation).

There was controversy in 2000 when then Chief Executive Tung Chee-Hwa admitted in a public statement that he hoped RTHK would help in sending out the government's messages. Even though this dealt a blow to RTHK's credibility, it has managed to retain its image as an independent news organisation reporting purely in the public's interest.

On other hand, there has been local argument whether RTHK should be corporatised. Proponents of the idea argued for RTHK to become an independent corporation, separate from the government, so that it could achieve more flexibility, and more cost-efficiency in its operation.

RTHK enjoys editorial independence. The ultimate concern is whether RTHK has enough editorial independence for a public broadcaster. One of the examples was the suspected intervention in RTHK's press freedom in July 1999. After inviting Cheng An-kuo (鄭安國), the highest representative of the 'Taiwanese authority' in Hong Kong, to discuss the issue of the separation of China and Taiwan and Lee Teng-hui's 'two states theory', RTHK was condemned by pro-mainland China critics. Then in October that year, the Head of Radio Broadcasting, Ms. Cheung Man Yee (張敏儀) was transferred to Japan as the Principal Hong Kong Economic and Trade Representative in Tokyo for no obvious reason.

However, there are cases where RTHK's editorial independence has been fully exemplified. There was one episode in Letter to Hong Kong (香港家書) (a programme in which important government officials read letters on Hong Kong matters on air to the public) was rescheduled for another more timely and newsworthy one. The switch had been made possible by a prompt editorial decision. Another case was a recent survey of the Hong Kong media conducted by the Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Journalism and Communication, which placed RTHK in first place amongst the electronic media in terms of credibility. RTHK achieved second place overall when all the local newspapers and magazines were included.

Controversies

In 2002, former Chief Programme Officer, Richard Yip-fat Tsang, was convicted of misconduct in public office. The charges related to approving salary increases for two RTHK employees without complying with procedures.

On 8 June 2006, the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) arrested four people including a disc jockey and a deputy head, on corruption-related charges. David Ho Chung-yan, a deputy head of RTHK 2 and disc jockey Vera Lee, were arrested for committing scams totaling about HK $70,000 from 1995 to 2001. They were alleged to have conspired and charged for writing scripts for various programmes that they did not write. Another former disc jockey (who goes under the nickname Kawaii) and her mother were alleged to have aided the conspiracy by using their bank accounts by receiving payments from the radio station. All four were arrested and were released on bail.

RTHK was also criticised by the Audit Commission of the Hong Kong Government for its problems on complying with regulations on staff management. The report especially highlighted the misuse of public funds by the RTHK staff on entertainment expenses, overtime claims and the outsourcing of services.

In July 2007, former head of RTHK and Director of Broadcasting, Chu Pui Hing (朱培慶) was accidentally spotted by a group of journalists in Causeway Bay along with an unidentified female. Those journalists were actually waiting for veteran rock singer Kenny Bee who was in a nearby restaurant. On seeing the gathered journalists, Chu ducked behind his companion. Photos became the main page headlines in some of the major Hong Kong newspapers the following day. Chu, who was one year due to his official retirement from the government, subsequently decided to seek for 'early retirement' in the aftermath.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Television_Hong_Kong