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Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Merseburg

Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Merseburg

Messerschmitt Bf 109E1 2./Erg.Gr.JG2 Black 17, was flown by Hermann Graf Merseburg in Germany, April 1940

 Messerschmitt Bf 109 E Emil
 

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Hermann Graf

Hermann Graf was born on 24 October 1912 at Engen in Baden. As the son of a blacksmith his modest family origins and poor academic achievements barred access to a military career. He completed an apprenticeship as a locksmith but dropped the trade and took a clerical post at the local municipal offices. He remained in the job until the outbreak of the war. Graf had taken up gliding in 1932, and by 1936 had also qualified as a pilot of powered aircraft. He was also an enthusiastic soccer player.

In 1935, Graf applied for flight training with the Luftwaffe. On 2 June 1936, he joined the FliegeRGührerschule at Karlsruhe to begin his basic flying training, graduating on 25 September 1936. Graf completed advanced flying training on 31 May 1938. Despite being selected to undergo multi-engine flying training, Graf succeeded in being posted to 2./JG51, a fighter unit equipped with the Bf 109E-1, with the rank of Unteroffizier on 31 May 1939. On the outbreak of World War 2, Graf was promoted to the rank of Feldwebel. He flew 21 frontier patrols over the Franco-German border without firing his guns in anger.

On 20 January 1940, Graf was transferred as an instructor to Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Merseburg. He was promoted to the rank of Leutnant on 1 May. Graf was transferred to JG52 on 6 October 1940 based at Berlin-Schönwalde. Leutnant Graf was assigned to 9./JG52. On 14 October, Graf relocated to Rumania with the unit and instructed Rumanian pilots under the auspicies of the German military mission. During this period 9./JG52 was redesignated 3./JG28 but was reinstated as 9./JG52 in late December. In late May 1941, a detachment of III./JG52 was transferred to Greece to support the invasion of Crete. Graf flew many ground-attck missions over the island. By early June, the detachment had relocated back to Rumania. On 1 August 1941, Graf accompanied 9./JG52 to the Ukrainian airfield of Biyala Tserkov.

On 4 August, he recorded his first victory when he shot down a Russian I-16 fighter during an escort mission for German Ju 87 Stuka dive-bombers against Kiev. On 27 September, his Bf 109 was damaged by return fire from the Russian DB-3 twin-engine bomber he was attacking. Graf managed to bring his damaged aircraft back across the front line and a safe landing. In October, Graf claimed 12 victories, including two Russian fighters shot down on 3 October to record his ninth and 10th victories. In December he again claimed 12 victories, including three enemy aircraft shot down on 6 December (32-34), a further three shot down on 8 December (35-37) and four on 27 December (38-41). Graf was awarded the Ritterkreuz on 24 January after reaching 45 victories.

On 23 March 1942, following his 50th victory, Graf was appointed Staffelkapitän of 9./JG52. His leadership fostered emerging fighter pilots such as Alfred Grislawski (133 victories, RK-EL), Ernst Süss (68 victories, RK, killed in action 20 December 1943), Leopold Steinbatz (99 victories, RK-S, killed in action 15 June 1942) and Heinrich Füllgrabe (67 victories, RK, killed in action 30 January 1945). Graf, began an incredible run of success when, in three weeks, commencing the last week of April, he shot down 48 Russian aircraft. On 30 April, he claimed six victories (64-69), seven on 2 May (70-76), seven on 8 May (79-86), six on 13 May (91-96) and eight on 14 May (97-104).

On 17 May 1942, Graf was awarded the Eichenlaub for reaching 104 victories. He was seventh Luftwaffe fighter pilot to achieve 100 victories. The Schwerten (Nr 11) followed two days later, on 19 May 1942, for reaching 106 victories. Graf continued his amazing success during the battles over and around Stalingrad. He claimed 32 victories in August, including four enemy aircraft shot down on 13 August (112-115), five Russian fighters shot down on 14 August (116-120) and a further four Russian fighters shot down on 23 August (130-133). Graf claimed an incredible 62 victories in September, including four on 2 September (141-145), another four on 3 September (146-149), four on 21 September (182-185) and 10 on 23 September (188-197). On 26 September he shot down three enemy aircraft to become the first fighter pilot credited with 200 victories. On 16 September 1942, Oberleutnant Graf was awarded the Brillanten: only the fifth recipient. After achieving his 200th victory he was ordered not to fly operationally. During this period, Graf had had his fair share of close shaves.

On 15 September 1942, he had received a cannon hit in the cockpit, on 16 September, he had received 30 hits to his aircraft and on 19 September, his aircraft received hits from ground fire in the wings and, later that day, had half of his rudder shot away. Graf was much feted by the Nazi media. His 'star status' was enhanced by his appearances in goal for 'die Roten Jäger' or Red Hunters, a Luftwaffe soccer team, which was effectively the German national soccer squad. In the first half of 1943, Graf commanded Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost, an advanced fighter pilots' training school, based at Bordeaux in France. On 21 July 1943, Jagdgruppe Süd der ObdL was formed as a high altitude fighter unit to combat RAF Mosquito twin-engine reconnaisance aircraft. On 15 August 1943, the unit was redesignated JG50. Major Graf was tasked with leading JG50, a role he peRGormed until the unit was disbanded in October 1943 and absorbed into I./JG301. Graf was to claim three victories while serving with this unit, including two USAAF B-17 four-engine bombers shot down on 6 September (204-205). Oberst Graf was appointed Kommodore of JG11 on 11 November 1943. Over the next four months he would be credited with six victories on Reichsverteidigung operations despite being forbidden to take part in combat missions.

On 29 March 1944, Graf downed one USAAF P-51 Mustang and rammed another. Wounded, he was forced to bale out of his stricken Bf 109G-6 (W.Nr 26020) '<+'. On 1 October 1944, Oberst Graf was appointed Kommodore of JG52 based on the Eastern front. He led the unit in a constant retreat through East Prussia, Silesia and Böhmen. He surrendered to American forces at Pisek on 8 May 1945. The Americans, however, promptly handed Graf to Russians. Graf was incarcerated by the Soviets, finally being released on 25 December 1949. Graf was to be heavily criticised by his peers for collaborating with his captors during his five years of imprisonment. Graf became a salesman for an electronics manufacturer and rose to become a Branch Manager in Baden and later Head of Sales. He took up flying becoming a member of the Swiss Aeroclub. From 1965, Graf was afflicted with Parkinson's disease and he died on 4 November 1988 in his hometown of Engen.

Herman Graf is credited with 212 victories in over 830 missions. He recorded 202 victories over the Eastern Front. Of his 10 victories recorded over the Western front, six were four-engine bombers.

No Date Time A/c Type Unit Location / Comments
1 4.8.1941 6:20 I-16 9./JG52 10km SSE Kiev
2 5.8.1941 6:20 I-16 9./JG52 3km S Kiev
3 11.8.1941 14:35 MiG-3 9./JG52 2km E Kanev
4 30.8.1941 8:40 DB-3 9./JG52 60km NE Dnepropetrovsk
5 6.9.1941 18:23 I-16 9./JG52 25-30km E Kremenchug
6 13.9.1941 10:46 Yak-1 9./JG52 15km NW Perekop
7 24.9.1941 12:10 DB-3 9./JG52 Balakliya
8 27.9.1941 14:22 DB-3 9./JG52 50km W Kharkov
9 3.10.1941 17:00 Yak-1 9./JG52 10km E Kharkov
10 3.10.1941 17:05 I-16 9./JG52 E Kharkov
11 11.10.1941 7:10 SB-2 9./JG52 10km E Lozovaya
12 11.10.1941 7:15 I-153 9./JG52 20km E Lozovaya
13 14.10.1941 16:10 Yak-1 9./JG52 10km N Valki
14 14.10.1941 16:13 Yak-1 9./JG52 15km N Valki
15 24.10.1941 12:50 MiG-3 9./JG52 Boysovka
16 24.10.1941 12:52 MiG-3 9./JG52 Boysovka
17 25.10.1941 15:21 MiG-3 9./JG52 Aibary / Yak-1 of 32IAP, VVS-ChF flown by Michail Avdevyev (17 victories), damaged
18 27.10.1941 15:38 MiG-3 9./JG52 10km S Yushno
19 28.10.1941 10:02 MiG-3 9./JG52 SE Aibary
20 28.10.1941 10:03 R-5 9./JG52 SE Aibary
21 1.11.1941 16:15 MiG-3 9./JG52 N Sevastopol
22 8.11.1941 11:58 MiG-3 9./JG52 S Rostov
23 9.11.1941 14:35 I-16 9./JG52 10km E Shakhty
24 11.11.1941 14:35 MiG-3 9./JG52 N Rovenkiy
25 17.11.1941 14:38 I-16 9./JG52 10km E Rostov
26 20.11.1941 13:52 Su-2 9./JG52 20km NE Agrafenovka
27 23.11.1941 13:36 Il-2  9./JG52 S Rostov
28 29.11.1941 10:21 I-16 9./JG52 10km NNE Rostov
29 29.11.1941 10:27 DB-3 9./JG52 ENE Rostov
30 29.11.1941 13:07 I-16 9./JG52 S Bataysk
31 2.12.1941 12:19 I-16 9./JG52 20km S Taganrog
32 6.12.1941 12:52 Il-2 9./JG52 E Lysogorskaya
33 6.12.1941 14:25 I-16 9./JG52 W Azov
34 6.12.1941 14:32 I-16 9./JG52 E Azov
35 8.12.1941 9:43 I-5 9./JG52 20km E Taganrog
36 8.12.1941 9:44 I-5 9./JG52 25km E Taganrog
37 8.12.1941 9:52 I-16 9./JG52 SW Rabovka
38 27.12.1941 12:01 I-16 9./JG52 30km E Taganrog
39 27.12.1941 12:05 I-16 9./JG52 10km E Asov
40 27.12.1941 14:25 I-16 9./JG52 NE Golodayevka
41 27.12.1941 14:30 SB-2 9./JG52 NE Golodayevka
42 28.12.1941 13:32 Yak-1 9./JG52 20km SW Taganrog
43 7.1.1942 14:50 I-16 9./JG52 Sansnoye
44 7.1.1942 14:55 I-16 9./JG52 Novaya Slobodka
45 8.1.1942 11:25 E/a 9./JG52 E Prilepiy
46 25.1.1942 15:42 I-16 9./JG52 10km E Izyum
47 3.2.1942 9:35 Su-2 9./JG52 Nuvo
48 23.3.1943 13:06 Yak-1 9./JG52 8km SE Gniliza
49 23.3.1942 13:14 Yak-1 9./JG52 3km SE Burluk
50 23.3.1942 17:26 Su-2 9./JG52 E Kotovka
51 25.3.1942 6:25 Yak-1 9./JG52 15km E Staryy Saltov
52 27.3.1942 10:11 Yak-1 9./JG52 15km E Volchansk
53 27.3.1942 17:18 MiG-3 9./JG52 10km NE Burluk
54 28.3.1942 5:53 I-16 9./JG52 3km W Burluk
55 28.3.1942 6:18 Yak-1 9./JG52 3km W Kotovka
56 28.3.1942 17:08 MiG-3 9./JG52 5km E Staryy Saltov
57 28.3.1942 17:41 I-16 9./JG52 Gniliza
58 30.3.1942 12:05 MiG-3 9./JG52 15km W Burluk
59 6.4.1942 6:02 I-16 9./JG52 2km NE Staryy Saltov
60 6.4.1942 6:04 I-16 9./JG52 10km E Staryy Saltov
61 29.4.1942 - Yak-1? 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
62 29.4.1942 - Yak-1? 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
63 29.4.1942 - Yak-1? 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
64 30.4.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
65 30.4.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
66 30.4.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
67 30.4.1942 16:42 E/a 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
28 30.4.1942 16:47 E/a 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
69 30.4.1942 16:50 E/a 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
70 2.5.1942 4:00 I-16 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
71 2.5.1942 4:00 I-16 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
72 2.5.1942 4:00 I-16 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
73 2.5.1942 11:15 I-153 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
74 2.5.1942 11:15 E/a 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
75 2.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
76 2.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
77 3.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Crimea
78 5.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Crimea
79 8.5.1942 - MiG-3 9./JG52 Crimea
80 8.5.1942 10:58 E/a 9./JG52 Crimea
81 8.5.1942 11:02 E/a 9./JG52 Crimea
82 8.5.1942 11:07 E/a 9./JG52 Crimea
83 8.5.1942 - I-16 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
84 8.5.1942 13:32 E/a 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
85 8.5.1942 17:28 MiG-3 9./JG52 Crimea
86 9.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Crimea
87 9.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Crimea
88 11.5.1942 - I-16 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
89 11.5.1942 - I-16 9./JG52 Kerch Peninsula
90 12.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Zürichtal-Kharkov-Rogan
91 13.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov area
92 13.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov area
93 13.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov area
94 13.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov area
95 13.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov area
96 13.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov area
97 14.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov area
98 14.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov area
99 14.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov area
100 14.5.1942 - MiG-3 9./JG52 Staryy Saltov-Kotovka
101 14.5.1942 16:45 MiG-3 9./JG52 Staryy Saltov-Kotovka
102 14.5.1942 16:45 MiG-3 9./JG52 Staryy Saltov-Kotovka
103 14.5.1942 16:45 MiG-3 9./JG52 Staryy Saltov-Kotovka
104 14.5.1942 16:45 MiG-3 9./JG52 Staryy Saltov-Kotovka
105 15.5.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov area
106 20.5.1942 17:37 Pe-3 9./JG52 Kharkov area
107 21.5.1942 - MiG-3 9./JG52 -
108 23.5.1942 16:28 I-16 9./JG52 Kharkov area
109 30.6.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov-Rogan
110 30.6.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov-Rogan
111 30.6.1942 - E/a 9./JG52 Kharkov-Rogan
112 3.8.1942 18:30 Il-2 9./JG52 06 67?
113 5.8.1942 9:37 LaGG-3 9./JG52 06 760
114 12.8.1942 14:32 Yak-1 9./JG52 86 754
115 13.8.1942 15:32 I-16 9./JG52 85 123
116 14.8.1942 10:14 I-16 9./JG52 95 112
117 14.8.1942 10:20 I-16 9./JG52 95 113
118 14.8.1942 13:37 Yak-1 9./JG52 85 263
119 14.8.1942 13:52 9./JG52 85 224
120 14.8.1942 13:57 LaGG-3 9./JG52 85 241
121 15.8.1942 16:41 Yak-1 9./JG52 95 174
122 16.8.1942 16:54 I-16 9./JG52 85 314
123 17.8.1942 11:42 I-153 9./JG52 85 423
124 17.8.1942 15:36 I-153 9./JG52 85 433
125 17.8.1942 15:41 I-153 9./JG52 95 581
126 18.8.1942 16:43 I-153 9./JG52 85 253
127 18.8.1942 16:43 R-5 9./JG52 85 494
128 22.8.1942 13:55 Il-2 9./JG52 30 892
129 22.8.1942 14:03 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 154
130 23.8.1942 7:22 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 413
131 23.8.1942 7:27 I-180 9./JG52 49 194
132 23.8.1942 13:28 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 271
133 23.8.1942 13:31 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 194
134 24.8.1942 9:28 I-180 9./JG52 49 421
135 24.8.1942 9:58 Il-2 9./JG52 49 243
136 25.8.1942 11:51 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 412
137 25.8.1942 17:27 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 412
138 29.8.1942 14:22 LaGG-3 9./JG52 59 173
139 30.8.1942 16:52 P-2 9./JG52 49 613
140 30.8.1942 17:07 Il-2 9./JG52 49 361
141 2.9.1942 9:12 P-40 9./JG52 49 362
142 2.9.1942 9:15 Il-2 9./JG52 49 441
143 2.9.1942 13:32 DB-7 9./JG52 59 143
144 2.9.1942 17:12 P-40 9./JG52 49 413
145 2.9.1942 17:15 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 361
146 3.9.1942 13:48 LaGG-3 9./JG52 40 872
147 3.9.1942 13:51 Yak-1 9./JG52 40 852
148 3.9.1942 17:06 Yak-1 9./JG52 40 471
149 3.9.1942 17:13 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 234
150 4.9.1942 10:12 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 241
151 5.9.1942 16:50 P-40 9./JG52 46 881
152 6.9.1942 13:21 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 163
153 6.9.1942 13:23 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 124
154 6.9.1942 13:27 Yak-1 9./JG52 40 784
155 8.9.1942 11:28 La-5 9./JG52 49 192
156 8.9.1942 11:29 Il-2 9./JG52 49 194
157 8.9.1942 11:35 La-5 9./JG52 49 253
158 9.9.1942 13:21 La-5 9./JG52 49 412
159 9.9.1942 13:34 La-5 9./JG52 49 444
160 9.9.1942 16:46 LaGG-3 9./JG52 44 461
161 10.9.1942 15:24 La-5 9./JG52 49 444 / La-5 of 287 IAD, VVS
162 10.9.1942 15:35 La-5 9./JG52 49 444 / La-5 of 287 IAD, VVS
163 11.9.1942 15:58 Pe-2 9./JG52 40 781 / Pe-2 of 270 BAD, VVS
164 11.9.1942 16:09 P-40 9./JG52 40 884 / P-40 of 731 IAP, VVS
165 12.9.1942 16:47 P-40 9./JG52 49 412
166 12.9.1942 17:13 P-40 9./JG52 49 161
167 14.9.1942 8:00 I-16 9./JG52 49 453
168 14.9.1942 8:04 I-16 9./JG52 49 420
169 14.9.1942 8:09 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 411
170 15.9.1942 6:35 I-16 9./JG52 49 423
171 15.9.1942 6:39 I-153 9./JG52 49 453
172 15.9.1942 7:05 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 272
173 16.9.1942 7:35 Su-2 9./JG52 49 271
174 16.9.1942 7:39 P-40 9./JG52 40 882
175 17.9.1942 8:48 Yak-1 9./JG52 40 782
176 17.9.1942 8:52 Yak-1 9./JG52 40 872
177 17.9.1942 14:36 LaGG-3 9./JG52 59 111
178 18.9.1942 11:37 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 124
179 18.9.1942 11:59 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 121
180 18.9.1942 12:12 Il-2 9./JG52 49 134
181 20.9.1942 8:20 LaGG-3 9./JG52 40 764
182 21.9.1942 11:32 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 151
183 21.9.1942 11:40 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 132
184 21.9.1942 16:25 Il-2 9./JG52 49 412
185 21.9.1942 17:02 Yak-1 9./JG52 10 162
186 22.9.1942 11:20 I-16 9./JG52 49 272
187 22.9.1942 16:45 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 261
188 23.9.1942 10:42 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 274
189 23.9.1942 11:03 Il-2 9./JG52 49 201
190 23.9.1942 11:05 LaGG-3 9./JG52 40 792
191 23.9.1942 11:07 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 764
192 23.9.1942 14:30 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 124
193 23.9.1942 14:31 Su-2 9./JG52 49 138
194 23.9.1942 14:33 Su-2 9./JG52 40 794
195 23.9.1942 16:39 Yak-1 9./JG52 40 782
196 23.9.1942 16:42 Yak-1 9./JG52 40 763
197 23.9.1942 16:55 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 423
198 25.9.1942 14:41 La-5 9./JG52 59 144
199 25.9.1942 14:46 La-5 9./JG52 49 284
200 26.9.1942 8:57 I-153 9./JG52 49 294
201 26.9.1942 16:42 LaGG-3 9./JG52 49 211
202 26.9.1942 16:58 Yak-1 9./JG52 49 451
203 ??.6.1943 - Mosquito Stab/JG50 Groningen
204 6.9.1943 10:50 B-17 Stab/JG50 15km NE Stuttgart
205 6.9.1943 11:08 B-17 Stab/JG50 S Schwarzwald
206 1943-44 - Viermot Stab/JG11 -
207 11.2.1944 11:50 B-17 Stab/JG11 5km S Celle
208 24.2.1944 13:40 B-24 Stab/JG11 Giessen area
209 6.3.1944 - B-24 HSS Stab/JG11 -
210 8.3.1944 - P-51 Stab/JG11 FA-FE
211 29.3.1944 - P-51 Stab/JG11 N Hannover
212 29.3.1944 - P-51 Stab/JG11 Schwarmstedt area / Rammed

Victories : 212
Awards :
Ehrenpokal (15 December 1941)
Deutsches Kreuz in Gold (April 1942)
Ritterkreuz (24 January 1942)
Eichenlaub (17 May 1942)
Schwertern (16 September 1942)
Brillanten (16 September 1942)
Units : JG52, JG50, JG11

Additional Sources: http://www.luftwaffe.cz/graf.html

Luftwaffe pilot Asisbiz Database of aerial victories for Hermann Graf

Date Pilot Name Unit Enemy A/C Type Height Time Location
08-May-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-16 Rata 2500m 10.47 bei Sielschuk
03-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Il-2 Sturmovik 400m 18.30 0667
05-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 400m 09.37 06 760
12-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 400m 14.32 86 754
13-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-16 Rata 300m 15.32 85 123
14-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 1000m 13.52 85 224
14-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 300m 13.57 85 241
14-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 600m 13.37 85 263
14-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-16 Rata 300m 10.20 95 113
14-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-16 Rata 150m 10.14 95 112
15-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 50m 16.41 95 174
16-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-16 Rata 50m 16.54 85 314
17-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-153 400m 11.42 85 423
17-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-153 1500m 15.36 85 433
17-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-153 400m 15.41 95 581
18-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-153 600m 16.43 85 253
18-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 R-5 Low Level 16.43 85 494
22-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Il-2 Sturmovik 800m 13.55 30 892
22-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 600m 14.03 49 154
23-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 3200m 07.22 49 413
23-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 1800m 13.31 49 194
23-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-180 2200m 07.27 49 194
23-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 3000m 13.28 49 271
24-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-180 1200m 09.28 49 421
25-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 3500m 11.51 49 412
25-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 4000m 17.27 49 412
29-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 1800m 14.22 59 173
30-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 P-2 Low Level 16.52 49 613
30-Aug-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Il-2 Sturmovik 400m 17.07 49 361
02-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 P-40 Warhawk 800m 09.12 49 362
02-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 P-40 Warhawk 2500m 17.11 49 413
02-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 4200m 17.15 49 361
02-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Il-2 Sturmovik Low Level 09.15 49 441
02-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 DB-7 7000m 13.32 59 143
03-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 3800m 13.48 40 872
03-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 2400m 13.51 40 852
03-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 2200m 17.06 40 471
03-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 400m 17.13 49 234
04-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 2000m 10.12 49 241
05-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 P-40 Warhawk Low Level 16.50 46 881
06-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 Low Level 13.27 40 784
06-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 600m 13.23 49 124
06-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 400m 13.21 49 163
08-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 La-5 3000m 11.35 49 253
08-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Il-2 Sturmovik 100m 11.29 49 194
08-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 La-5 600m 11.28 49 192
09-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 1800m 16.46 44 461
09-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 La-5 1200m 13.34 49 444
09-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 La-5 2000m 13.21 49 412
10-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 La-5 2500m 15.24 49 444
10-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 La-5 2300m 15.35 49 444
11-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 P-2 2800m 15.58 40 781
11-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 P-40 Warhawk 3000m 16.09 40 889
12-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 P-40 Warhawk 1800m 16.47 49 412
12-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 P-40 Warhawk Low Level 17.13 49 161
14-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-16 Rata 800m 08.00 49 453
14-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-16 Rata 1200m 08.04 49 420
14-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 1000m 08.09 49 411
15-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-16 Rata 400m 06.35 49 423
15-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-153 700m 06.39 49 453
15-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 1200m 07.05 49 272
16-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Su-2 3000m 07.35 49 271
16-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 P-40 Warhawk 3500m 07.39 40 882
17-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 3800m 08.48 40 782
17-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 3200m 08.52 40 872
17-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 3800m 14.36 59 111
18-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3   11.37 49 124
18-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3   11.59 49 121
18-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Il-2 Sturmovik   12.12 49 134
20-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 4200m 08.20 40 764
21-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Il-2 Sturmovik Low Level 16.25 49 412
21-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 200m 17.02 10 162
21-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 1200m 11.40 49 132
21-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 200m 11.32 49 151
22-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-16 Rata 1200m 11.20 49 272
22-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 3200m 16.45 49 261
23-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 1200m 16.42 40 763
23-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 1500m 16.55 49 423
23-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 3200m 16.39 40 782
23-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Su-2 1200m 14.33 40 794
23-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Su-2 1500m 14.31 49 138
23-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 Low Level 11.07 49 764
23-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 1800m 11.05 40 792
23-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Il-2 Sturmovik 100m 11.03 49 201
23-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 2000m 10.42 49 274
23-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 1800m 14.30 49 124
25-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 La-5 2200m 14.41 59 144
25-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 La-5 1200m 14.46 49 284
26-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 I-153 800m 08.57 49 294 (Estimate)
26-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 LaGG-3 2200m 16.42 49 211
26-Sep-42 Hermann Graf 9./JG52 Yak-1 1600m 16.58 49 451
06-Sep-43 Hermann Graf Stab /JGr.50 B-17 Fortress 7000m 10.50 30-50km S Stuttgart
06-Sep-43 Hermann Graf Stab /JGr.50 B-17 Fortress 6000m 11.08 S Schwarzwald
10-Feb-44 Hermann Graf Stab /JG11 B-17 Fortress 6500m 11.50 FA-7 (SSW Celle)
24-Feb-44 Hermann Graf Stab /JG11 B-24 Liberator 7000m 13.40 05 Ost S/QT Raum Giessen
06-Mar-44 Hermann Graf Stab /JG11 B-24 Liberator Hss      
08-Mar-44 Hermann Graf Stab /JG11 P-51 Mustang      
29-Mar-44 Hermann Graf Stab /JG11 P-51 Mustang      
29-Mar-44 Hermann Graf Stab /JG11 P-51 Mustang      
05-Jun-44 Hermann Graf 7./JG52 Yak-9 800m 10.21 78 561

 

 

 Merseburg Germany Map

 Jever Germany Map

 

Spanish Civil War

    Bibliography: +

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  • Beaman, John R. Jr. and Jerry L. Campbell. Messerschmitt Bf 109 in action, Part 1. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1980. ISBN 0-89747-106-7.
  • Beaman, John R. Jr. Messerschmitt Bf 109 in action, Part 2. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1983. ISBN 0-89747-138-5.
  • Boyne, Walter J. Clash of Wings. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994. ISBN 0-684-83915-6.
  • Bergström, Christer. Barbarossa – The Air Battle: July–December 1941. London: Chevron/Ian Allan, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85780-270-2.
  • Bergström, Christer and Martin Pegg. Jagdwaffe:The War in Russia, January–October 1942. Luftwaffe Colours, Volume 3 Section 4. London: Classic Colours Publications, 2003. ISBN 1-903223-23-7.
  • Burke, Stephen. Without Wings: The Story of Hitler's Aircraft Carrier. Oxford, UK: Trafford Publishing, 2007. ISBN 1-4251-2216-7.
  • Caidin, Martin. Me 109 – Willy Messerschmitt's Peerless Fighter (Ballantine's illustrated history of World War II. Weapons book no. 4). New York: Ballantine Books, USA, 1968. ISBN 0-345-01691-2.
  • Caldwell, Donald L. JG 26: Top Guns of the Luftwaffe. New York: Ballantine Books, 1991. ISBN 0-8041-1050-6.
  • Craig, James F. The Messerschmitt Bf.109. New York: Arco Publishing Company, 1968.
  • Cross, Roy and Gerald Scarborough. Messerschmitt Bf 109, Versions B-E. London: Patrick Stevens, 1976. ISBN 0-85059-106-6.
  • Dimensione Cielo: Caccia Assalto 3, Aerei Italiani nella 2a Guerra Mondiale (in Italian). Roma: Edizioni Bizzarri, 1972.
  • Ebert, Hans A., Johann B. Kaiser and Klaus Peters. Willy Messerschmitt: Pioneer of Aviation (The History of German Aviation Design). Atglen, PA: Schiffer Books, 2000. ISBN 0-7643-0727-4.
  • Feist, Uwe. The Fighting Me 109. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1993, ISBN 1-85409-209-X.
  • Fernández-Sommerau, Marco. Messerschmitt Bf 109 Recognition Manual. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Classic Publications, 2004. ISBN 1-903223-27-X.
  • Glancey, Jonathan. Spitfire: The Illustrated Biography. London: Atlantic Books, 2006. ISBN 978-1-84354-528-6.
  • Green, William. Messerschmitt Bf 109: The Augsburg Eagle; A Documentary History. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishing Group Ltd., 1980. ISBN 0-7106-0005-4.
  • Griehl, Manfred. Das geheime Typenbuch der deutschen Luftwaffe: Geheime Kommandosache 8531/44 gKdos. Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas Verlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-7909-0775-9.
  • Griehl, Manfred.Flugzeug Profile. No. 5 – Messerschmitt Bf 109G/K.Rheinfelden, Germany: BPV Medien Vertrieb GmbH & Co KG, 1987.
  • Hitchcock, Thomas H. Messerschmitt 'O-Nine' Gallery. Chicago: Monogram Aviation Publications, 1973. ISBN 978-0-914144-00-7.
  • Hitchcock, Thomas H. Monogram Close-Up Number 9:Bf 109F.Sturbridge, Mass: Monogram Aviation Publications, 1990. ISBN 0-914144-20-0
  • Hooton, Edward R. Blitzkrieg in the West, 1939 -1940 (Luftwaffe at War: 2). Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland Publishing, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85780-272-6.
  • Kobel, Franz and Jakob Maria Mathmann. Bf 109. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 1997. ISBN 0-88740-919-9.
  • Mankau, Heinz and Peter Petrick. Messerschmitt Bf 110, Me 210, Me 410. Raumfahrt, Germany: Aviatic Verlag, 2001. ISBN 3-925505-62-8.
  • Marshall, Francis L. Messerschmitt Bf 109T "Die Jäger der Graf Zeppelin". Gilching, Germany: Marshall-Verlag, 2002. ISBN 3-00-008220-4.
  • Marshall, Francis L. Sea Eagles – The Messerschmitt Bf 109T. Walton on Thames, Surrey, UK: Air Research Publications, 1994. ISBN 1-871187-23-0.
  • Mason, Francis K. Messerschmitt Bf 109B, C, D, E in Luftwaffe & Foreign service. London, UK: Osprey Publishing Limited, 1973. ISBN 0-85045-152-3.
  • Massimello, Giovanni and Giorgio Apostolo. Italian Aces of World War Two. Oxford/New York, Osprey Publishing, 2000. ISBN 978-1-84176-078-0.
  • Mermet, Jean-Claude. Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-1 through K-4. Engines and Fittings. Marnaz, France: Jean Claude Mermet SA, 1999.
  • Messerschmitt AG. Messerschmitt Bf 109G; technisch Kompendium, Handbücher, Ersatztelliste, Bewaffnung Bedienungsvorschrift/Fl, Bordfunkanlage, Lehrbildreihe; 1942/1944. [Elektronische Resource] (Reprint) Ludwigsburg, Germany: Luftfahrt-Archiv, 2006. ISBN 3-939847-13-5.
  • Messerschmitt AG. Messerschmitt Bf 109K; technisch Kompendium, Handbüch, Ersatztelliste, Rep.-Answeisung, Bewaffnung Bedienungsvorschrift; 1943–1944. [Elektronische Resource] (Reprint). Ludwigsburg, Germany: Luftfahrt-Archiv, 2006. ISBN 3-939847-14-3.
  • Morgan, Eric B and Edward Shacklady. Spitfire: The History. Stamford: Key Books Ltd, 2000. ISBN 0-946219-48-6.
  • Neulen, Hans Werner. In the Skies of Europe. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press, 2000. ISBN 1-86126-799-1.
  • Nowarra, Heinz. Die Deutsche Luftrustung 1933–1945, Band 3: Flugzeugtypen Henschel – Messerschmitt. Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graefe, 1993. ISBN 3-7637-5467-9.
  • Osché, Philippe (translated by Patrick Laureau). The Messerschmitt Bf 109 in Swiss Service. Boulogne sur Mer, France: Lela Presse, 1996. ISBN 2-914017-31-6.
  • Poruba, T and A Janda. Messerschmitt Bf 109K. Hradec Králové, Czech Republic: JaPo, 1997.
  • Prien, Jochen and Peter Rodeike. Messerschmitt Bf 109 F, G & K Series – An Illustrated Study. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1995. ISBN 0-88740-424-3.
  • Price, Alfred. Spitfire Mk. I/II Aces (Osprey's Aircraft of the Aces). London: Osprey, 1996. ISBN 84-8372-207-0.
  • Punka, György. "A Messzer": Bf 109s in the Royal Hungarian "Honvéd" Air Force. Budapest, Hungary: OMIKK, 1995. ISBN 963-593-208-1.
  • Radinger, Willy and Walter Schick. Messerschmitt Me 109 (Alle Varianten: vion Bf (Me) 109A bis Me 109E). Oberhaching, Germany: Aviatic Verlag GmbH, 1997. ISBN 3-925505-32-6.
  • Radinger, Willy and Wolfgang Otto. Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-K – Development, testing, production. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1999. ISBN 0-7643-1023-2.
  • Rimmell, Ray. ME 109: Messerschmitt Bf 109E. Chipping Ongar, Essex, UK: Linewrights Ltd., 1986. ISBN 0-946958-18-1.
  • Ritger, Lynn. Meserschmitt Bf 109 Prototype to 'E' Variants. Bedford, UK: SAM Publications, 2006. ISBN 978-0-9551858-0-9.
  • Savic, D. and B. Ciglic. Croatian Aces of World War II (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces 49). Oxford, UK: Oxford, 2002. ISBN 1-84176-435-3.
  • Scutts, Jerry. Bf 109 Aces of North Africa and the Mediterranean. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-85532-448-2, ISBN 978-1-85532-448-0.
  • Shores, C., B. Cull and N. Malizia. Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece & Crete – 1940–41. London: Grub Street, 1987. ISBN 0-948817-07-0.
  • Starr, Chris. "Developing Power: Daimler-Benz and the Messerschmitt Bf 109." Aeroplane magazine, Volume 33, No. 5, Issue No 385, May 2005. London: IPC Media Ltd.
  • Stenman, Kari and Kalevi Keskinen. Finnish Aces of World War 2 (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces 23). London: Osprey Publishing Limited, 1998. ISBN 1-85532-783-X.
  • Taylor, John W.R. "Messerschmitt Bf 109." Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-425-03633-2.
  • U.S. Army Air Force. German Aircraft and Armament: Informational Intelligence, Summary No. 44-32, October 1944 (Informational Intelligence Summary). New York: Brassey's Inc., 2000 (first edition 1944). ISBN 1-57488-291-0.
  • Valtonen, Hannu. Messerschmitt Bf 109 ja saksan sotatalous (Messerschmitt Bf 109 and the German war economy). Helsinki, Finland: Keski-Suomen Ilmailumuseo (Central Finnish Aviation Museum), 1999. ISBN 978-951-95688-7-4.
  • Vogt, Harald. Messerschmitt Bf 109 G/K Rüstsatze. Flugzeug Profile 21. Illertissen, Flugzeug Publikations GmbH.
  • Wagner, Ray and Heinz Nowarra. German Combat Planes: A Comprehensive Survey and History of the Development of German Military Aircraft from 1914 to 1945. New York: Doubleday, 1971.
  • Weal, John. Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Oxford: Osprey, 2001. ISBN 978-1-84176-084-1.
  • Weal, John. BF 109D/E Aces 1939–41. Oxford: Osprey, 1996. ISBN 978-1-85532-487-9.
  • Weal, John. Bf 109F/G/K Aces of the Western Front. Oxford: Osprey, 2000. ISBN 978-1-85532-905-8.
  • Winchester, Jim. "Messerschmitt Bf 109." Aircraft of World War II: The Aviation Factfile. Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004. ISBN 1-84013-639-1.

    Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history Bibliography: +

  • Beale, Nick, Ferdinando D'Amico and Gabriele Valentini. Air War Italy: Axis Air Forces from Liberation of Rome to the Surrender. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife, 1996. ISBN 1-85310-252-0.
  • Bergström, Christer. Barbarossa – The Air Battle: July–December 1941. London: Chevron/Ian Allan, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85780-270-2.
  • Bergström, Christer and Martin Pegg. Jagdwaffe:The War in Russia, January–October 1942. Luftwaffe Colours, Volume 3 Section 4. London: Classic Colours Publications, 2003. ISBN 1-903223-23-7.
  • Feist, Uwe. The Fighting Me 109. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1993. ISBN 1-85409-209-X.
  • Green, William. Messerschmitt Bf 109: The Augsburg Eagle; A Documentary History. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishing Group Ltd., 1980. ISBN 0-7106-0005-4.
  • Hooton, Edward R. Blitzkrieg in the West, 1939 -1940 (Luftwaffe at War: 2). Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland Publishing, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85780-272-6.
  • Jackson, Robert. Aircraft of World War II: Development – Weaponry – Specifications. Enderby, Leicester, UK, Amber Books, 2003. ISBN 1-85605-751-8.
  • Mankau, Heinz and Peter Petrick. Messerschmitt Bf 110, Me 210, Me 410. Raumfahrt, Germany: Aviatic Verlag, 2001. ISBN 3-925505-62-8.
  • Mason, Francis K. Messerschmitt Bf 109B, C, D, E in Luftwaffe & Foreign service. London, UK: Osprey Publishing Limited, 1973. ISBN 0-85045-152-3.
  • Massimello, Giovanni and Giorgio Apostolo. Italian Aces of World War Two. Oxford/New York, Osprey Publishing, 2000. ISBN 978-1-84176-078-0.
  • Morgan, Eric B. and Edward Shacklady. Spitfire: The History. Stamford, UK: Key Books Ltd, 2000. ISBN 0-946219-48-6.
  • Neulen, Hans Werner. In the skies of Europe – Air Forces allied to the Luftwaffe 1939–1945. Ramsbury, Marlborough, THE CROWOOD PRESS, 2000. ISBN 1-86126-799-1
  • Price, Alfred. Spitfire Mark I/II Aces 1939–41 (Aircraft of the Aces 12). London: Osprey Books, 1996, ISBN 1-85532-627-2.
  • Punka, György. "A Messzer": Bf 109s in the Royal Hungarian "Honvéd" Air Force. Budapest, Hungary: OMIKK, 1995. ISBN 963-593-208-1.
  • Savic, D. and B. Ciglic. Croatian Aces of World War II (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces 49). Oxford, UK: Oxford, 2002. ISBN 1-84176-435-3.
  • Stenman, Kari and Kalevi Keskinen. Finnish Aces of World War 2 (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces 23). London: Osprey Publishing Limited, 1998. ISBN 1-85532-783-X.

    Some of the most widely used Book References:

  • Jagdwaffe: Battle of Britain: Phase One: July-August 1940 (Luftwaffe Colours: Volume Two, Section 1) Paperback Eric Mombeek (Author), David Wadman (Author), Eddie J Creek (Author)
  • Jagdwaffe: Battle of Britain: Phase Two: August-September 1940 (Luftwaffe Colours: Volume Two, Section 2) Paperback Eric Mombeek (Author), David Wadman (Author), Martin Pegg (Author)
  • Jagdwaffe: Battle of Britain: Phase Three: September-October 1940 (Luftwaffe Colours: Volume Two, Section 3) Paperback Eric Mombeek (Author), David Wadman (Author), Martin Pegg (Author)
  • Jagdwaffe: Battle of Britain: Phase Four: November 1940-June 1941 (Luftwaffe Colours: Volume Two, Section 4) Paperback Eric Mombeek (Author), David Wadman (Author), Martin Pegg (Author)

    Magazines: +

  • Airfix Magazines (English) - http://www.airfix.com/
  • Avions (French) - http://www.aerostories.org/~aerobiblio/rubrique10.html
  • EDUARD - https://www.eduard.com/
  • EDUARD - Are in my opinion are what modelers are looking for loads of pictures and diagrams and have become a leading historical information source. *****
  • FlyPast (English) - http://www.flypast.com/
  • Flugzeug Publikations GmbH (German) - http://vdmedien.com/flugzeug-publikations-gmbh-hersteller_verlag-vdm-heinz-nickel-33.html
  • Flugzeug Classic (German) - http://www.flugzeugclassic.de/
  • Klassiker (German) - http://shop.flugrevue.de/abo/klassiker-der-luftfahrt
  • Luftwaffe IM Focus (German) - https://www.luftfahrtverlag-start.de/
  • Embleme der Luftwaffe Band-1 (German) - https://www.luftfahrtverlag-start.de/
  • Le Fana de L'Aviation (French) - http://boutique.editions-lariviere.fr/site/abonnement-le-fana-de-l-aviation-626-4-6.html
  • Le Fana de L'Aviation (French) - http://www.pdfmagazines.org/tags/Le+Fana+De+L+Aviation/
  • Osprey (English) - http://www.ospreypublishing.com/
  • model airplane international magazine - https://adhpublishing.com/shop/store/magazine-backissues/model-airplane-international-backissues/
  • Revi Magazines (Czech) - http://www.revi.cz/

    Web References: +

  • eBay - https://picclick.de/ or https://www.ebay.com
  • Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com
  • Wikipedia.org - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109
  • Wikipedia.org - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants#cite_ref-100
  • Wikipedia.org - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_operational_history
  • Flickr.com - https://www.flickr.com/photos/farinihouseoflove/2209839419/in/photostream

 

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