United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Tulagi (CVE-72)

USS Tulagi (CVE-72)

Name: Tulagi
Namesake: The Battle of Tulagi, 7–8 August 1942
Ordered as: Fortazela Bay
Builder: Kaiser Company
Laid down: 7 June 1943
Launched: 15 November 1943
Commissioned: 21 December 1943
Decommissioned: 30 April 1946
Stricken: 8 May 1946
Fate: Sold in 1946 and scrapped
Service record:
Operations: Operation Dragoon, Philippines campaign, Invasion of Iwo Jima, Battle of Okinawa
Awards: 4 Battle stars

General characteristics (as built)

Class and type: Casablanca-class escort carrier
Displacement: 7,800 tons
Length: 512 ft 3 in (156.13 m)
Beam: 65 ft (20 m), 108 ft (33 m) maximum width
Draft: 22 ft 6 in (6.86 m)
Speed: 19 knots (35 km/h)
Complement: 860
Armament:
1 × 5-inch/38 cal. dual-purpose gun
16 × 40 mm AA cannon in 8 twin mounts
20 × 20 mm AA machine guns in single mounts
Aircraft carried 27 aircraft
Aviation facilities 1 × catapult, 2 × elevators

 

USS Tulagi (CVE-72) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier of the United States Navy.

She was laid down on 7 June 1943 at Vancouver, Washington, United States, by the Kaiser Company, Inc., as Fortazela Bay (ACV-72); and redesignated CVE-72 on 15 July 1943. However, her name was corrected to read Fortaleza Bay on 19 October 1943, and the ship was renamed Tulagi on 6 November 1943; launched on 15 November 1943; sponsored by Mrs. James Duke Earner; and commissioned on 21 December 1943, Capt. Joseph Campbell Cronin in command.

Description and construction

USS Tulagi (CVE-72): Detailed Overview The USS Tulagi (CVE-72) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier commissioned on October 21, 1943. Named after the site of a key battle in the Solomon Islands campaign, Tulagi served in the Pacific Theater during World War II. She played a vital role in providing air support for amphibious operations, convoy defense, and anti-submarine patrols. Below is a detailed analysis of her technical features and operational attributes.

Flight deck arrangements

The flight deck of USS Tulagi measured 512 feet 3 inches in length and 108 feet in width, typical of Casablanca-class escort carriers. The compact deck was designed for the efficient handling of her complement of approximately 28 aircraft, which included FM-2 Wildcats for fighter defense and TBM Avengers for torpedo-bombing and anti-submarine warfare.

A single hydraulic catapult facilitated the quick launch of aircraft, while two elevators-one forward and one aft-enabled rapid movement between the hangar deck and flight deck. The deck's layout was streamlined to maximize the carrier's ability to cycle aircraft quickly during combat operations. Innovations in deck lighting improved night operations, allowing for more effective around-the-clock missions.

Propulsion

The propulsion system of Tulagi was powered by two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which were connected to two screws. This system generated 9,000 shaft horsepower, provided by four Babcock & Wilcox boilers.

This configuration allowed Tulagi to reach a maximum speed of 19 knots, which was sufficient for her role as an escort carrier. Her cruising range of 10,240 nautical miles at a speed of 15 knots ensured she could operate for extended periods in the Pacific without needing frequent refueling. This endurance was essential for her missions, which often required long durations at sea.

Armament

USS Tulagi was armed to provide a robust defense against aerial and surface threats. Her primary armament included one 5-inch/38-caliber dual-purpose gun mounted on the stern. This versatile weapon could be used against both surface and airborne targets, making it a key defensive feature.

The ship also carried eight twin-mounted 40 mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns for medium-range defense. These were strategically placed to maximize coverage against incoming aircraft. For close-range protection, Tulagi was equipped with 12 Oerlikon 20 mm cannons, which were particularly effective against enemy aircraft and small boats.

As threats evolved during the war, minor upgrades to her armament improved her ability to counter kamikaze attacks and other high-intensity aerial assaults. This armament, coupled with her air group's capabilities, made her a valuable asset in the Pacific Theater.

Fire control and electronics

The fire control systems aboard Tulagi were designed to integrate with her armament and radar systems, ensuring accurate targeting and coordination during engagements. The ship was equipped with an air search radar, which provided early detection of incoming aircraft, and a surface search radar for identifying ships and low-flying planes.

These radars worked in conjunction with her fire control systems to enhance the accuracy of her anti-aircraft guns. Communication equipment onboard allowed seamless coordination with her air group and other ships in her task force, enabling effective tactical responses during operations.

Armor

Like other Casablanca-class carriers, USS Tulagi was lightly armored to prioritize speed and operational efficiency. Vital areas such as the magazines and engineering spaces were protected by armor plating, offering some resistance against smaller-caliber weapons and near-miss explosions.

However, her flight deck and hull were unarmored, making her vulnerable to direct hits from bombs, torpedoes, or heavy shellfire. Her survivability relied on her escorting ships, defensive armament, and the tactical maneuvering of her crew to avoid concentrated attacks.

The USS Tulagi exemplified the versatility and importance of escort carriers in World War II. She provided air cover for amphibious landings, protected convoys from submarine threats, and delivered air strikes against enemy positions. Her contributions to operations such as the invasions of Saipan and Okinawa highlight her significance in the broader Allied strategy. Despite her smaller size and lighter defenses, Tulagi and her crew demonstrated the critical role of escort carriers in achieving victory in the Pacific.

Service history - World War II

The new escort carrier got underway from Seattle on 17 January 1944 bound for San Francisco where she was immediately pressed into service ferrying stores, airplanes, and military personnel to Hawaii. She departed Pearl Harbor for the homeward voyage on 29 January and arrived at San Diego with her load of passengers on 4 February. Throughout most of February, she participated in training exercises out of San Diego before steaming, via the Canal Zone, for Hampton Roads, Virginia. Following her arrival at Norfolk on 17 March, Tulagi underwent overhaul and carrier qualification tests.

Tulagi embarked a load of Army Air Forces planes late in May and departed New York on the 28th in convoy with two other carriers and their screen. On 6 June, Tulagi entered her first foreign port as she steamed the swept channel approach to Casablanca. After disembarking her cargo, the carrier took on passengers including a group of 35 prisoners of war and then headed home.

After arriving at Norfolk on 17 June 1944, Tulagi got underway late in June for Quonset Point, Rhode Island, where she embarked personnel, planes, and equipment. On the last day of the month, she departed Narragansett Bay with Rear Admiral Calvin T. Durgin on board as Commander, Task Group 27.7, and steamed eastward conducting squadron and battery training en route to Oran, Algeria. Tulagi visited Malta on 26 July and then spent the following weeks conducting exercises, which included a dress rehearsal out of African and Italian ports for the coming Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France.

On D-Day, Tulagi steamed in formation 45 miles off the invasion beach; and, at 0546, she launched her first flight of F6F Hellcats. In the next week, aircraft from Tulagi flew a total of 68 missions and 276 sorties, inflicting considerable damage on the enemy. Weather was generally good as carrier-based planes conducted spotting missions and made strikes at various targets ashore, including gun emplacements and railway facilities. On 21 August, Tulagi's last day in support of Operation 'Dragoon', German forces were in retreat before the Allied thrust. Tulagi's fliers conducted a devastating attack along the line of march of a German convoy which snarled the roads for miles around Remoulins and crowned her achievements of the day by downing three German Junkers Ju 52s.

After taking on supplies and fuel at Oran, she got underway for home on 6 September. Following a quick overhaul at Norfolk, the escort carrier set her course for Panama; transited the Canal; and arrived at San Diego on 26 October. There, she embarked two air squadrons for transportation to Hawaii and departed the west coast on 29 October 1944.

Following her arrival at Pearl Harbor on 5 November, the carrier participated in antisubmarine warfare and gunnery exercises. On the 24th, she got underway in company with a special antisubmarine task group which conducted sweeps as it steamed via the Marshalls and Ulithi for Saipan. Throughout December, Tulagi continued antisubmarine activities in the Palaus and the southern Marianas.

Grumman F6F 5 pilot aboard the USS Tulagi (CVE-72) off the coast of Southern France Aug 1944

On the first day of the new year, 1945, Tulagi got underway for Lingayen Gulf and the impending invasion of Luzon. Meanwhile, the Japanese in the Philippines had assigned more than 100 suicide planes for a concerted attack on Tulagi's task force. The convoy passed through Surigao Strait into the Mindanao Sea on 3 January. In the following three days, the kamikazes took their toll. On the 4th, reports of enemy aircraft in the area became more frequent; and, late in the afternoon, a suicide plane crashed while trying to dive into Lunga Point. Moments later, observers on Tulagi saw the conflagration which marked the death throes of Ommaney Bay, the victim of another kamikaze. On the morning of 5 January, enemy air attackers continued to menace the convoy as it steamed through Mindoro Strait and into the South China Sea. Although fighters from the carrier shot down two Mitsubishi A6M Zeros, three enemy aircraft succeeded in penetrating the defenses of the convoy. Two were shot down, but one managed to crash into Louisville, a member of the convoy's screen.

When landing began at Lingayen Gulf on 9 January 1945, Tulagi launched her planes for air strikes on land targets, anti-snooper patrols, and air cover for American vessels. On 12 January, Tulagi supplied air support for the Lingayen Gulf beachhead; and, the next day, her port battery shot down a suicide plane which had singled out the carrier for destruction. Before it crashed, the attacker, deflected from Tulagi by withering anti-aircraft fire, crossed astern and to starboard of the escort carrier and vainly attempted to dive into an alternate target. On 17 January, the Army Air Force assumed responsibility for direct air support of American operations in Lingayen Gulf; and Tulagi's fliers turned their attention toward the Zambales coast where they provided cover for support and protection of forces near San Narcisco. On 5 February, Tulagi arrived at Ulithi after a grueling period of sustained flight operations during which her planes had been in the air for all but two of 32 days.

Tulagi departed Guam on 21 February to conduct hunter-killer exercises in support of the assault on Iwo Jima before joining a task unit in 'area Varnish' west of Iwo Jima on 1 March. She supplied air support and antisubmarine patrols until departing the area on 11 March, bound for Ulithi. Arriving there on 14 March, she prepared for the invasion of the Ryukyus.

Assigned alternately to antisubmarine and direct support activities, Tulagi operated continuously off the coast of Okinawa from the end of March until early June. On 3 April, four Zeros attacked her formation, and all were shot down. On the 6th, while Tulagi was anchored at Kerama Retto for rearming, a Japanese air attack penetrated air space over the harbor. The carrier took one of her attackers under fire at 4,000 yards, but the Japanese plane came harrowingly close before turning aside to dive into a nearby LST which burst into flames 200 feet high. Minutes later, Tulagi shot down another attacker and chased off a third with her accurate fire. The next day, Tulagi resumed her station off Okinawa, providing planes for air strikes called in by ground observers and for running photo-reconnaissance and patrol missions. On the 13th, after she launched a special strike against the airfields of Miyako Jima, she began antisubmarine operations along the shipping lanes approaching Okinawa.

Following this long and arduous tour, Tulagi arrived at Guam on 6 June 1945. The carrier departed the Marianas on the 8th, bound for San Diego. She remained on the west coast throughout the summer undergoing overhaul, trials, and training. Peace came while she was at San Diego, but she departed the west coast again on 4 September and steamed via Hawaii for the Philippines. At Samar, she embarked planes for transportation back to the United States and reached Pearl Harbor in October. After returning to San Diego in January 1946, the veteran escort carrier reported to the 19th Fleet at Port Angeles, Washington, on 2 February 1946 for inactivation. She was decommissioned on 30 April 1946 and struck from the Navy List on 8 May 1946.

Awards

Tulagi received four battle stars for World War II service.